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31、當(dāng)OSPF運(yùn)行在廣播網(wǎng)絡(luò)中時(shí)需要選舉DR和BDR，那么在下列哪種狀態(tài)下會(huì)進(jìn)行DR和BDR的選舉？

A、2way狀態(tài)

B、Exchange 狀態(tài)

C、Full狀態(tài)

D、Init狀態(tài)

試題答案：A

試題解析：<spanyes';font-family:'times new="" roman';mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;="" font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">OSPF<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">路由器在完全鄰接之前<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">，<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">所經(jīng)過的幾個(gè)狀態(tài)：

<spanyes';font-family:'times new="" roman';mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;="" font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"=""><spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"=""><spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"=""><spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">

<spanyes';font-family:'times new="" roman';mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;="" font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">1. Down- Attempt- Init- 2way- ExStart- Exchange- Loading- Full<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">等狀態(tài)<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">。<spanyes';font-family:'times new="" roman';mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;="" font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">

<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">其中<spanyes';font-family:'times new="" roman';mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;="" font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">?Init<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">狀態(tài)：<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">還未收到鄰居發(fā)送給本設(shè)備hello報(bào)文<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">，<spanyes';font-family:'times new="" roman';mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;="" font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">2-Way<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">通信還沒有建立起來的狀態(tài)。<spanyes';font-family:'times new="" roman';mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;="" font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">

<spanyes';font-family:'times new="" roman';mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;="" font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">2way<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">狀態(tài)：雙向會(huì)話建立，而<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">route id<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">彼此出現(xiàn)在對(duì)方的鄰居列表中。<spanyes';font-family:'times new="" roman';mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;="" font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">(<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">若為廣播網(wǎng)絡(luò)：例如：以太網(wǎng)。在這個(gè)時(shí)候應(yīng)該選<spanyes';font-family:'times new="" roman';mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;="" font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">DR<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">，<spanyes';font-family:'times new="" roman';mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;="" font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">BDR<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">。<spanyes';font-family:'times new="" roman';mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;="" font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">)<spanyes';font-family:'times new="" roman';mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;="" font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">

<spanyes';font-family:'times new="" roman';mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;="" font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">Exchange<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">狀態(tài)：信息交換狀態(tài)<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">，<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">本地路由器和鄰居交換一個(gè)或多個(gè)<spanyes';font-family:'times new="" roman';mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;="" font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">DBD<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">分組<spanyes';font-family:'times new="" roman';mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;="" font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">(<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">也叫<spanyes';font-family:'times new="" roman';mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;="" font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">DDP) <spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">。<spanyes';font-family:'times new="" roman';mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;="" font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">DBD<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">包含有關(guān)<spanyes';font-family:'times new="" roman';mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;="" font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">LSDB<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">中<spanyes';font-family:'times new="" roman';mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;="" font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">LSA<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">條目的摘要信息。<spanyes';font-family:'times new="" roman';mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;="" font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">

<spanyes';font-family:'times new="" roman';mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;="" font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">Full<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">狀態(tài)：完全鄰接狀態(tài)，<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">此時(shí)<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">鄰居的<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">lsdb完全同步<spanyes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:'times="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">。

32、缺省情況下，廣播型網(wǎng)絡(luò)中運(yùn)行IS-IS的路由器，DIS發(fā)送CSNP報(bào)文的周期為多少秒？

A、10

B、3.3

C、30

D、40

試題答案：A

試題解析：CSNP報(bào)文用來描述LSDB，類似于OSPF的DD報(bào)文；DIS發(fā)送CSNP報(bào)文的周期10秒。

33、交換機(jī)控制平面的功能不包括哪個(gè)？

A、業(yè)務(wù)處理

B、路由運(yùn)算

C、系統(tǒng)加載

D、流量統(tǒng)計(jì)

試題答案：C

試題解析：交換機(jī)控制平面的功能不包括系統(tǒng)加載。

34、關(guān)于OSPF的AS-External-LSA中LSA頭部信息描述錯(cuò)誤的是?

A、Link State ID 表示目的網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址

B、Forwarding Address 永遠(yuǎn)為0.0.0.0

C、Advertising Router 表示ASBR的Router-ID

D、Net mask 表示目的網(wǎng)段的網(wǎng)絡(luò)掩碼

試題答案：B

試題解析：Forwarding Address 表示次優(yōu)路徑在同時(shí)滿足如下條件時(shí)，ASBR會(huì)在ASE的FA域內(nèi)填寫轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)地址，這時(shí)FA就不是0.0.0.0

OSPF在ASBR與外部網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接的下一跳接口啟動(dòng)；

ASBR與外部網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接的下一跳接口沒有被設(shè)置為被動(dòng)接口；

ASBR與外部網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接的下一跳接口不是OSPF 點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)或P2MP類型的；

ASBR與外部網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接的下一跳接口地址是落在OSPF協(xié)議中發(fā)布的網(wǎng)絡(luò)范圍之內(nèi)。

35、下面關(guān)于OSPF缺省路由描述錯(cuò)誤的是?

A、OSPF路由可以由區(qū)域邊界路由器(ABR)發(fā)布，Type3缺省，Summary LSA ，用來指導(dǎo)區(qū)域內(nèi)路由器進(jìn)行區(qū)域之間報(bào)文的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)

B、自治系統(tǒng)邊界路由器(ASBR)發(fā)布Type5外部缺省ASELSA ，或者Type7外部缺省NSSALSA ，用來指導(dǎo)自治系統(tǒng)(AS)內(nèi)路由器訪問自治系統(tǒng)外部

C、當(dāng)路由器無精確匹配的路由時(shí)就可以通過缺省路由進(jìn)行報(bào)文轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)

D、由于OSFP路由的分級(jí)管理，Type5/7缺省路由的優(yōu)先級(jí)高于Type3路由

試題答案：D

試題解析：LSA優(yōu)先順序是type1> type2> type3> type4> type5> type6>type7。

36、下面關(guān)于OSPF中的ABR描述錯(cuò)誤的是?

A、ABR不產(chǎn)生三類、四類、五類LSA

B、ABR將連接的非骨干區(qū)域內(nèi)的一類、二類LSA轉(zhuǎn)換成三類LSA發(fā)布到骨干區(qū)域中

C、ABR將骨干區(qū)城內(nèi)的一類、二類LSA、三類LSA轉(zhuǎn)換成三類LSA發(fā)布到連接的非骨干區(qū)域中

D、ABR上有多個(gè)LSDB，ABR為每一個(gè)區(qū)域維護(hù)一個(gè)LSDB

試題答案：A

試題解析：ABR如果在MA網(wǎng)絡(luò)中ABR又被選為DR的話是可以產(chǎn)生一、二、三、四類的LSA，五類的LSA由ASBR產(chǎn)生。

37、以下關(guān)于OSPF協(xié)議報(bào)文說法錯(cuò)誤的是?

A、OSPF所有報(bào)文的頭部格式相同

B、OSPF所有報(bào)文頭部都攜帶了Router-D字段

C、OSPF協(xié)議使用五種報(bào)文完成路由信息的傳遞

D、OSPF報(bào)文采用UDP報(bào)文封裝并且端口號(hào)是89

試題答案：D

試題解析：OSPF協(xié)議基于IP運(yùn)行，協(xié)議的數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)文直接采用IP封裝，IP報(bào)文頭部對(duì)應(yīng)的協(xié)議號(hào)為89。

38、在IS-IS的廣播網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，Level-1路由器使用哪個(gè)組播MAC地址作為發(fā)送IIH的目的地址?

A、0180-c200-0000

B、0180-c200-0015

C、0100-5e00-0001

D、0180-c200-0014

試題答案：D

試題解析：Level-1 IS-IS使用Level-1 LAN IIH（Level-1 LAN IS-IS Hello），目的組播MAC為：0180-c200-0014。Level-2 IS-IS使用Level-2 LAN IIH（Level-2 LAN IS-IS Hello），目的組播MAC為：0180-c200-0015。

39、關(guān)于BGP的Keepalive 報(bào)文消息的描述錯(cuò)誤的是?

A、Keepalive 報(bào)文只包含個(gè)BGP數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)頭

B、缺省情況下Keepalive 的時(shí)間間隔是18

C、Keepalive 報(bào)文主要用于對(duì)等路由器間的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)和鏈路的可用性確認(rèn)

D、Keepalive 周期性的在兩個(gè)BGP鄰居之間發(fā)送

試題答案：B

試題解析：缺省情況下，發(fā)送KeepAlive 的時(shí)間間隔為60 秒，Hold Time是180秒

40、在BGP配置中使用認(rèn)證應(yīng)該如何配置?

A、一對(duì)BGP對(duì)等體之間必須使用相同的MD5 password 

B、AS內(nèi)的所有路由器必須使用相同的password 

C、一臺(tái)路由器上的所有BGP對(duì)等體都必須使用相同的password

D、同一個(gè)AS內(nèi)的所有路由器都必須使用相同的password 

試題答案：A

試題解析：BGP配置認(rèn)證是只要求對(duì)等體之間必須使用相同的MD5 password，而不同對(duì)等體與AS之間是可以配置不同password的。